Heirloom Essay Example

Treasure Essay Treasure Solutions Seed Catalog Summary: Heirloom Solutions is an organization committed to furnish the World with seeds that have not been altered and of Gods unique creation. They are an organization that assumes its liability of shielding the seeds from changing in the basic structure that God made the seeds in. Past their fundamental concentration to keep the seeds unadulterated, is to likewise battle huge and ground-breaking organizations from taking unlimited authority and at last creation unadulterated seeds wiped out by the utilization of mixture or hereditarily adjusted seeds. Investigation: My examination of Heirloom Solutions is an organization that isn't just securing Gods response but on the other hand is paying special mind to the prosperity of humankind by giving an item that is more advantageous and will continue creating results for the client. I think that its fascinating how this organization has had the option to forestall the impedance of seed control and have had the option to battle the bigger organizations from getting them out or blocking them to where their benefits are too low to even consider maintaining activities. We will compose a custom article test on Heirloom explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Heirloom explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Heirloom explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Legacy Solutions has discovered a specialty as well as has had the option to figure out how to offer back to society by giving unaltered seeds to food creation. Their protecting Gods response as well as helping individuals to bring down basic food item charges, give better food, and are giving instruction to those that desire to turn into a do-it-without anyone's help plant specialist. The manner in which the seeds are bundled take into consideration them to be put away for sometime in the future and since these seeds are not hereditarily changed, the food will create seeds which implies you no longer need to purchase more. This article has caused me to reexamine the food that is given to my family and has made me fully aware of cultivating. My better half and I will endeavor to fabricate our very own nursery one year from now and we intend to utilize Heirloom Solutions to give us the seeds to achieve our objectives.

A French Joint Venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

A French Joint Venture - Essay Example all things considered, French development materials organization rebuilt the misfortune making state-claimed Huaibei Mining Company (HMC) by going into the joint endeavor in 1994 and turned the organization as benefit making organization in 1999 by actualizing different basic changes in labor, creation, innovation, and marketing.(Goodall 103). Going into joint endeavor will assist with procuring inventive ability and aptitudes. At the point when China opened its market in 1978, it has become most appealing area for remote direct venture (FDI) in the entire globe. It is to be seen that three-fourths of FDI pulled in by China took the state of Joint endeavors (JV’s). JV offers particular favorable circumstances like decrease in costs. A remote JV accomplice may offer capital by method of money, innovation, apparatus, know-how though the Chinese accomplice may offer plant land, building, talented specialists, and hardware. Teaming up a joint endeavor with the state-claimed undertakings (SOE’s) in China much of the time has raised issues for remote organizations as SOE’s are the particular type of business element with a differing social setting. There is less opportunity for remote financial specialists in JV’s as outside accomplices need to work in co-activity with the neighborhood SOE’s. By opening the entryways for outside financial specialists, China is changing to advertise economy from the halfway arranged economy or government controlled economy. Prior in the joint endeavor, the HMC Management had neglected to stay faithful to its obligation of allowing money related awards for good execution by workers. As the outcome, workers lost their confidence in the administration. HMC HR work was seen as disassociated from business objectives and acted distinctly as police officers or managerial capacity. (Goodall 105). In that capacity, in JV, Lafarge experienced further degree of intricacy due to financial, social, political and institutional difference included.

Alexander Ii- a True Reformist

Ebba Henningsson2/09/2010 History Why and with what achievement did Alexander II force such a significant number of changes? Alexander II (1818-1881) has on a few events been alluded to as â€Å"Alexander the Liberator† because of the liberation of the serfs, which was one of the numerous changes he forced during his rule as Tsar of Russia. The liberation, alongside the change of the military, the establishment of a legal framework, an instructive change, joined with his other â€Å"smaller† changes, are altogether changes which made an increasingly fair Russia; liberal to a further degree, maybe. Alexander II was anyway the leader of a dictatorship where he had outright force which drives one to consider with regards to what his motivating forces for these changes were and how effective he was in forcing these? Alexander was the replacement of his dad Nicholas I who died during the Crimean war, and it very well may be contended that Russia’s rout in this war, which was battled in Russia herself, is one of the principle explanations behind huge numbers of Alexander’s changes. This destruction was a hard one for Russia who had been one of the main military powers in the earlier century just as the individual misfortune it introduced for Alexander. These annihilations might just have been the purpose behind the military change, one issue that the Russian armed force had was the age of the normal trooper who might be extensively more seasoned than those of the western forces. Alexander changed this by lessening the long stretches of administration a trooper looked from 25 years to 6. Then again, a warrior who had served these 25 years returned as a liberated person. This implied previous serfs, who comprised the majority of the military, would return more youthful with full military preparing making two social classes on the open country, bringing about more laborer revolts. So as to forestall this Alexander found that he would need to expel the request that made them into free men, anyway to do this he would need to introduce some other allure or answer for keep the military induction rate up. Alexander’s answer for this turned into the, most likely, purpose behind the change of the constitution of serfdom; the liberation. This implied all serfs would turn out to be free for a time of two years with their own property, something that had not happened before where serfdom had been a lot of like subjection. Presenting the liberation implied that Alexander could do his military change while monitoring the laborers. The land that the workers presently got was that recently possessed by the respectability and to repay the last the laborers needed to satisfy recovery obligations to the state which would then be given to the honorability. Alexander depended intensely on the respectability to keep his standard unblemished in even the open country and consequently it was significant for him that these stayed steadfast and at great harmony with him and his change plot. Anyway with all these new free residents a request framework must be introduced. The zemstvo appeared to be Alexander’s answer for this, which alongside the new legitimate assemblage of Russia amassed Alexander’s legal change. These new bodies made a ton of inquiry regarding Alexander’s objectives with the reorganization all in all as this was making a considerably more liberal society for the basic Russian. To mayhap quiet the respectability Alexander said â€Å"The existing request of serfdom can't stay unaltered. It is smarter to abrogate serfdom from above than to sit tight for when it will start to annul itself from below†. This statement has moved to turn out to be very significant when deciding whether Alexander needed to move towards a majority rules system or keep his absolutism flawless. Anyway another change which, as well, brought Russia further towards a vote based liberal state, was the training change. An explanation behind this change could be to instruct the individuals of Russia seeing as the proficiency rate was low in the open country, furthermore to , maybe, incorporate Russia more into Europe and the other western states society. New remote textbooks were presented alongside increasingly open colleges where the two ladies and men were permitted. This instructive change could have been motivated by Alexander’s conceivable wish to industrialize Russia. The liberation of the serfs would likewise have helped improved that industrialization, seeing as the serfs would now have the option to decided to accomplish some different option from what the respectability had requested them to do beforehand. This industrialisation could have been wanted because of the way that Russia was falling behind the other European states monetarily. Moreover one of the serious issues that had made Russia lose the Crimean war had been the failing railroad framework alongside the insufficiency of arms. It is regularly simpler to make determinations by and large however when deciding how effective something was there are a few distinct perspectives that should be thought of, the liberation of the serfs was without a doubt fruitful in its quick objective, to free the serfs. Anyway with the reclamation contribution and the lack of land the regular day to day existence of a serf didn't change definitely and in reality their prudent circumstance diminished, subsequently this reconstruction was bad long haul for neither the serfs nor for Alexander who currently had the evil wishes of the serfs against him. The military change was regardless extremely effective. Alexander figured out how to diminish the measure of time a warrior spent in the military, moreover he made a save armed force which was prepared to step in if necessary. This brought about an a lot more grounded and more youthful armed force, so in his military change Alexander was extremely prospering. Alexander’s legal change was additionally exceptionally flourishing, both as a present moment and a drawn out turn of events. Transient it furnished the Russians with a legal framework that was free from the legislature and in this way incorrupt, moreover the zemtsvo kept control in the open country and kept Alexander’s orders unblemished. This change was in this way both valuable for both Alexander and his Tsardome just as for the basic populace of Russia who got an equitable law framework. The instructive rebuilding is difficult to decide as an issue of accomplishment. Despite the fact that the states of the understudies and the colleges essentially improved it was not beneficial for Alexander himself. As he permitted the understudies to access outside data they found out about other legislative frameworks which in the end, introvertably lead to his demise. Subsequently, in itself the change was effective anyway its outcomes were, in all likelihood, not those wanted by Alexander. In the event that Alexander wished to change Russia’s economy and industrialize her one could contend he was not fruitful in doing as such. The industrialisation never completely started during Alexander’s rule and the now liberated serfs kept at the new land they had gotten from the respectability. So this part of his general renewal was not triumphant either. Taking everything into account, Alexander the second was an incredible reformer who figured out how to force a few distinct changes in a huge nation without making a cut off calamity which would have hurt the effectively feeble Russia. A few of his changes were fruitful present moment as well as long haul. A large portion of the changes appear to have been presented because of the Crimean war, and the acknowledgment that the Russian state was down falling. Anyway observing as it is unbeknownst what his destinations with these changes were it is difficult to state whether he was fruitful or not, he managed to change Russia for a progressively liberal law based state yet he brought his own downfall upon himself. Considering the changes in themselves he was extremely effective in forcing them anyway their results were not ideal for himself, just as the laborer populace of Russia.

The role of the new age manager

The job of the new age supervisor Chiefs work in a powerful situation and must foresee and adjust to difficulties. With respect to the above proclamation, talk about the job of the new-age chief by taking a case of any Indian association. Various difficulties of an administrators:- Its impractical to put time in something that is not on your radar. A significant radar upgrade is required. Arrangement of the difficulties for administrator is Systematically . When youre far enough alongside your present elective attempt to pick another great elective that fits the upgraded you and the necessities of the then present reality. Rehash a circle like the first. this assistance to administrator they dont invest a ton of energy in one work. Over booked and botched assets: Venture groups frequently grumble that they don't have precise or forward-thinking data about their assets and what they are really going after. Many venture groups have more interest for ventures than they have colleagues to execute the undertakings. In the event that asset distribution is an issue, at that point a not too bad mid-market or top of the line arrangement might be the main choices. 3 Supply Chain Management: In gracefully chain the executives administrator confronted a great deal of issue which incorporate strike of politic gatherings , just as With the expansion in re-appropriating and globalization, dealing with the progression of provisions and crude materials, just as completed items, would now be able to stretch out across a large number of miles, many time zones and various language obstructions. 4 Human Capital Management One of the other test of chief is human capital administration . Since a companys tasks would now be able to exist across different nations and geographic regions. At the point when mind channel happen around then how director deal with these sort of laborer. Model: by what means can the requirements of laborers in China be addressed as adequately as the necessities of laborers in Los Angeles or Minnesota. Further more, what is the most ideal approach to address the issues of these representatives and furthermore best use their abilities and gifts to keep the business working easily. Making sense of these difficulties is a steady battle looked by numerous organizations, and one that won't almost certainly leave sooner rather than later. one of the model which is happening in Canada , both in light of, and fully expecting environmental change sway. Adjustment activities have been attempted at scales extending from people and local gatherings to industry and governments. Quite a bit of this adjustment has been accomplished through casual activities or methodologies because of explicit occasions or conditions, and where the ability to make a move existed. There are likewise a few instances of strategy activities that give an increasingly organized way to deal with adjustment, for example, the New Brunswick Coastal Areas Protection Policy and British Columbia Future Forests Ecosystem Initiative. On-screen character Model People . Northerners are all the more regularly utilizing bug anti-agents, bug nets and window screens to manage the expanded multiplication of creepy crawlies. . Occupants of remote beach front networks are more ready for deficiencies (i.e., power, food, transportation) because of late involvement in nasty climate conditions.â Industry Thermosyphons have been utilized in the development of a few significant framework extends in the North to actuate fake cooling of permafrost under warming conditions. .Farming makers buy crop protection to balance misfortunes brought about by harsh climate. Hydro Quã ©bec has altered its conjectures of power requests dependent on new atmosphere situations. Governments The district of Sept-Iles has directed new private development along the shoreline to forestall harms because of shoreline erosion.â Water meters have been introduced in the Southeast Kelowna Irrigation District and a few Canadian urban areas (for example Kelowna, BC; Sudbury, ON; and Moncton, NB) to decrease water utilization. Newfoundland is attempted a careful audit of crisis the executives practices and reaction systems. This is the factor which happen Several adjustment activities address current dangers and consider the possible effects of future environmental change. These incorporate most major new framework advancement in northern Canada, for example, mine locales, pipelines and enormous structures, where versatile arrangements incorporate the utilization of Thermosyphons to initiate counterfeit cooling of permafrost under warming conditions. The job of the new-age administrator by taking a case of any Indian association. ICA represents The foundation of PC bookkeeper. Mr. Ashok Tekriwal he is the branch chief of the establishment. C:UsersAPicturesicalogo.jpg About ICA: ICA start with Account Training and finishes with a Guaranteed activity. The association was shaped by a gathering of experts with significant work involvement with the field of records and tax collection. The excursion began in 1999 and following ten years the foundation was spread up its wings to more than 300+centres with 3 zonal workplaces and 30+placement workplaces across India with Head office at Kolkata. The ICA family incorporates more than 3000+competent staff individuals and more than 2,00,000students. Address: Primary street Ranchi, Inverse huge bazaar, Close over extension, Ranchi. Contact no :0651-2332103. Job of supervisor: * To have contact: One of the essential job of ICA administrator is to build up and keep up a contacts with numerous individuals both inside and outside the business. The people with whom he includes standard contacts inside the association incorporate his subordinates, individual directors, etc. Government authorities , staff , that incorporate showcasing staff , arrangement staff and so on. * To have accomplish Target: One of the fundamental job of ICA Managers is work under tension more often than not as they have focuses to accomplish. This is especially obvious on account of admition of understudy ,Placement of the understudy just as great help for the understudy. * To go about as a Leader: One of the essential job of ICA chief is he generally stand every single individual before any difficulties or issue. He needs to set a guide to his subordinates. He should be genuine , fair and focused on his work. At exactly that point, he will have the option to direct and inspire the subordinates under him. * To guarantee the correct utilization of assets: one of the essential job of ICA chief to guarantee the correct utilization of asset which is legitimately identified with the understudy just as for the establishment, for example, men, machines, materials and cash are ideally used. * To determine the Conflict: One of the fundamental job of ICA director to Whenever there are clashes between the workers over certain hierarchical issues, the supervisor is relied upon to determine every single such clash and show up at an agreeable arrangement. * To deal with Situation: One of the essential job of ICA administrator is additionally expected to deal with emergency that may emerge in the association, .for example, compensation not paid of specialist ,some issue between the laborer and so forth. In such a circumstance the administrator needs to act quickly and carefully and discover cure. Question. Approach any little size organization in your city, contact the HR supervisor and get the subtleties of the association structure with names. At that point chalk out the fundamental elements of the top administration, center administration and administrative administration with deference to that organization and examine their jobs and obligations. Answer New Image About us anand rathi. Anand Rathi is a main full assistance venture bank established in 1994 contribution a wide scope of budgetary administrations and riches the executives answers for foundations, organizations, high-total assets people and families. The firm has quickly extended its impression to more than 350 areas across India with global nearness in Hong Kong, Dubai London. Established by Mr. Anand Rathi and Mr. Pradeep Gupta, the gathering today utilizes more than 2,500 experts all through India and its worldwide workplaces. Anand Rathi has been named The Best Domestic Private Bank in India by Asia cash in their Fifth Annual Private Banking Poll 2009. The firm has developed a victor over every single key fragment in Asia cash biggest overview of high total assets people in India. Top level administration. * Board of Director. MR. Anand Rathi. Originator Chairman Preceding setting up his own organization, Mr. Rathi headed Indian Rayon Industries, as Senior President. In his 40 years of being in the corporate world, Mr. Rathi has held a few key situations on different administrative and expert sheets, including, President, Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), and Member, Central Council of Institute of Chartered Accountants (ICAI). As President of BSE, Mr. Rathi assumed a key job in the extension plan of BOLT, the web based exchanging arrangement of the Exchange and setting up of the Trade Guarantee Fund. He was the moving power behind setting up of the Central Depository Services (India) Ltd. He is a gold medalist Chartered Accountant. Mr.Pradeep Gupta. Fellow benefactor Vice director. With more than twenty years involvement with the protections advertise. Prime supporter and key driver of the Retail and Institutional Equities business of the gathering. Mr. Amit Rathi. Overseeing Director A position holder Chartered Accountant and a MBA from Leonard N. Harsh School of Business, New York University joined the gathering in 1998.Calling him a money related master, the Times of India gathering, recorded Amit rathi in 2008 among the best 51 youthful Marwaris in India (younger than 40). Mr. V. Srikanth. Executive Mr. Srikanth relationship with the gathering of has been of simply over year now. Already Senior Vice President with HSBC Wealth Management. With more than 12 years of experience he has worked with associations like Citibank and Zã ¼rich AMC. A PGDBA (Finance Marketing) and a Diploma in Business Finance (ICFAI Hyderabad). Center level Management. Under the executive. There is thirteen territorial executive. Territorial executive is chief of all sell. Provincial chief is immediate answering to the Director. Territorial supervisor give all the criticism of all the branch. *Branch Manager. *Franchise. *C

Drinking Age Essay Example for Free

Drinking Age Essay Numerous rights have various times of commencement. An individual can acquire a chasing permit at age 12, drivers permit at age 16, vote and serve in the military at 18, serve in the U.S. Place of Representatives at age 25 and in the U.S. Senate at age 30, and run for President at age 35. At 18 years of age youre viewed as a grown-up. You can get advances, purchase a vehicle, house, get wed, and receive kids. To live all alone legitimately at eighteen years old and to have all these different obligations, it’s crazy not to be permitted to reserve the option to have a beverage. Thus, it would bode well to bring down the legitimate age for liquor utilization back to the age of eighteen. I unequivocally feel that the age ought to be 18. We hold up are entire lives to be 18 on the grounds that that’s when were viewed as a grown-up. As a youngster who as of late turned 18 we need to encounter grown-up things. I need to be viewed as a grown-up and to me having the option to have a beverage show’s that I am a developed grown-up. Underage drinking is as of now an issue in regular day to day existence, we have children who can get phony Ids or even simply get another person to get them liquor so truly what’s the age law in any event, achieving if individuals are as yet getting liquor and their younger than 21. I’ve read an ongoing meeting and this is the thing that it stated, Dr. Hanson â€Å"Youre saying that basically bringing down the drinking age would take care of the issue of drinking maltreatment among youthful people?† Dr. Engs â€Å"Unfortunately, it wouldnt tackle the issue. In any case, it would be a significant positive development. The experience of numerous social orders and gatherings exhibits that drinking issues are diminished when youngsters take in at home from their folks how to savor a moderate and mindful way. As guardians we should be acceptable good examples in what we state and do.And bringing down the drinking age would help send the significant message that drin king is, in itself, not proof of development that dependable utilization for the individuals who decide to drink is proof of maturity.We need to fortify the standard of control by clarifying that the maltreatment of liquor is totally inadmissible by anybody. This would help pressure that it isn't drinking that is the issue yet rather drinking injuriously that is the issue. Bringing down the drinking age would show kids how to be increasingly capable at a more youthful age. Most youngsters as of now drink, regardless of whether its legitimate or not, yet making it lawful would take into consideration more training. In the event that we instruct teenagers on the best way to drink mindfully, at that point they will be less inclined to hit the booze hard. Individuals state multi year olds can’t handle liquor, since they commit to numerous errors. On the off chance that you begin to drink at eighteen or twenty one your resilience is as yet going to be the equivalent. Which means, that regardless of what age you begin to drink at, you don’t realize the amount you can deal with until you begin drinking. So when individuals state multi year olds commit such a large number of errors when they drink it’s simply because they be gan drinking, similarly as a twenty one year old will commit errors when they begin to drink. Everybody commits errors regardless of how old they are. I know beyond a shadow of a doubt that a ton of young people drink paying little mind to the drinking age, either at home or at parties. Individuals cause it to appear that since adolescents can get to liquor, on the off chance that we bring down the drinking age that kids more youthful, at that point eighteen, children will likewise have the option to get to liquor significantly simpler and begin drinking at a much more youthful age, however everybody in the event that they truly needed to could get liquor. So it wouldn’t even have any kind of effect if the age was brought down. However, similar to I said before it doesn’t matter what age you are the point at which you first begin to drink you are going to commit errors it is a piece of the learning procedure. In the event that the drinking age was brought down it wouldn’t appear the cool activity any longer and teenagers would be increasingly capable with it. The drinking age is 21 when more youthful grown-ups get their hands on liquor they will in general beverage significantly more since they don’t know when they will have the option to get liquor once more. In the event that we begin to drink at a more youthful age we will see the results of drinking untrustworthy and gain from it. So as we get more established we understand the amount we ought to expend and the amount we shouldn’t. In today’s world liquor is continually going to be an issue regardless of what age. Be that as it may, having the drinking age at 21 can be an impractical notion. It causes youngsters to go insane when they get their hands on liquor not showing them the development you must have when you drink. In the event that the drinking age becomes brought down it will help kids from the ages 12 to 18 acknowledge how significant liquor is and how full grown we should become when we are affected by liquor. They disclose to us how we aren’t permitted to drink, that we aren’t mature enough or develop enough to do it, yet the more grown-ups talk about it, the more youngsters need to do it. At the point when a child heads out to school, it’s expected that he is going to drink. That’s the school experience that all young people anticipate, I realize I did. Mo st children or youngsters don’t realize the amount they can drink or even their breaking point to drinking. That is the point at which you get individuals doing moronic things since they don’t know any better. Any eighteen years of age they can drink mindfully on the off chance that they have a smidgen of experience or even have their folks educate them. In the event that I was a parent I might want to have the option to plunk down and have a beverage with my child or little girl not to become inebriated however to simply invest energy with my family. As per pact360.org in specific expresses the law permits you to drink with your youngster as long as it’s on your property. In Wisconsin, there is a special case that permits a minor to devour liquor whenever joined by their parent or lawful gatekeeper. Social drinking is adequate; it is an opportunity to have a fabulous time while as yet being in charge. Guardians can show their children how to drink capably. Isnt that what a guardians expected to do show their children what is good and bad , to gain from their missteps and make the best decision at long last. The duty allowed to multi year olds incorporates numerous chances to settle on choices that will affect the remainder of their lives. In the event that you are mature enough to battle and kick the bucket for your nation, y ou ought to have the option to buy or devour a mixed drink. On the off chance that we take a gander at the War, half of the warriors that battle in that war are younger than twenty-one, and a great deal of them were 17 to 19 years of age. Enlistment for the draft is one of the necessities for all residents at age eighteen. Regardless of whether an individual isn't really drafted, the possibility that an individual is capable enough to do battle, convey a gun, or dispatch atomic weapons suggests that a multi year old is settling on indistinguishable choices from some other grown-up. A large number of people are sent each day to manage the issues in different nations. While they are over yonder, warriors witness numerous things that we would never dream of. Drinking liquor and serving in the war can’t even think about. In this paper article â€Å"World Snapshot Alaskan Bid to Lower Drinking Age for US Troops† it discusses how Lynn has been mindful so as to take note of that neither he nor his bill advances drinking or smoking as a propensity. However, he stated, the bill would quot;enable all well-trained warriors in our US Armed Forces to be treated as grown-ups, paying little heed to age. quot;Its over t he top that an individual from our military can be exposed to the repulsions of war however cant legitimately have a lager or smoke a cigarette,quot; Lynn composed on his blog. quot; Any officer who conquers military battle and dangers their life for our nation ought to be dealt with like a grown-up in each feeling of the word.quot; Some individuals would contend that the age should remain at twenty one and their thinking could be that the principle motivation behind creation the drinking age 21 isn’t just to get liquor far from youthful young people yet to protect them as could be expected under the circumstances. Permitting youngsters to drink at a more youthful age just makes more issues. Generally youthful and unpracticed consumers for the most part don’t know their breaking point which could prompt difficult issues like liquor harming. Liquor is perilous and can have large results on anyone. As per Richard Bonnie liquor use among young people is firmly related with savagery, hazardous sexual conduct, poor school execution, self destruction and other unsafe practices. Everything we wouldn’t need for adolescents or even children. Liquor is as yet a difficult issue all around the globe. It doesn't leave when you turn 21. Age doesn't decide if an individual beverages mindfully. I firmly accept that the base lawful drinking age ought to be set at eighteen not twenty-one. Underage drinking is going on in each state and is clearly not being controlled. On the off chance that an individual can cast a ballot, and even do battle at eighteen, why shouldn’t they have the option to go out to supper and have a glass of wine? Not exclusively will the drinking age change things however it could likewise help with children and holding with their folks. Works Cited [Book] Bonnie, Richard J., and Mary Ellen OConnell. Diminishing Underage Drinking: A Collective Responsibility. Washington, DC: National Academies, 2004. Print. [Interview] Engs, Ruth. The Drinking Age Should Be Lowered. Meeting by David Hanson. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2012. http://www2.potsdam.edu/hansondj/YouthIssues/1053520190.html. [Website]Weber, Jason. Letting Your Children Drink at Home †Good Idea or Bad Idea? N.p., 17 Aug. 2011. Web. 4 Dec. 2012. http://pact360.org/blog/detail/letting-your-youngsters drink-at-home-smart thought or-poorly conceived notion. [News Paper]World Snapshot Alaskan Bid to Lower Drinking Age for US Troops. 2 Apr. 2011: 43. Paper Source Plus. Web. 5

Ch ch ch ch ch changes. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Ch ch ch ch ch changes…. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog As regular readers of this blog already know, we implemented a new application system starting with the fall and summer 2014 cycle. The new online application system (known to us as, Slate) is much more intuitive, sustainable (no hard copies!)  and user friendly (for everyone) but as with any new system, there is a learning curve as the “kinks” are ironed out. We are aware of most of the problems that have come to our attention at this point and we are working to fix these, if they haven’t been addressed already. You may be thinking that if we have a new system, that means we are transitioning out of the old application system (known to us as, ApplyYourself).   This system will not be accessible after the New Year (January 1, 2014), nor will information stored in it. We have received quite a few emails and phone calls the past few days from applicants that mistakenly created or continued to work on an application in the old system. In an effort to avoid any panic when clicking submit on your application, we strongly advise you to double check that you are completing the correct application in the new (right) system (URL: https://apply.sipa.columbia.edu/apply/). If you are re-applying, please note that we will only be able to access materials received within ONE year (i.e. applied to fall 2013) from this fall and/or summer 2014 cycle only.   In other words, you should send a request to carry over previously submitted materials that you wish to reuse for this year’s fall application. Requests should be emailed to: sipa_admission@columbia.edu with specific details (your full name, previously used email addresses, the program and term that you previously applied to) and clear information on what materials you wish to carry over (name of referee for recommendation letter for example) so we can locate and match these materials to your new application. Don’t forget to use descriptive subject lines on email messages to expedite your request! So as we prepare to go on a mini-holiday break, we leave you with some music motivation, David Bowie, Changes.   Deadlines got you down? Get out from Under Pressure, Queen. Our advice? Take a minute and dance it out!

Biology IA Fitness - Free Essay Example

Analysis As my partner and I conducted this experiment, we had noticed a couple of things and learned a couple of things throughout and after the experiment. As we conducted the experiment, at first we noticed how as the days went by, the exercises were becoming easier to perform. For example, the first two weeks we would begin to sweat heavily as we performed our exercises. After those the first two starting weeks, we began to sweat less and it took longer each time for us to start to drop a couple of sweat drops. Also, this meant that we would get less tired as we performed each exercise. The exercises began to be easier to perform, we would get less tired each time, we began to sweat after a couple of minutes more into the exercise, and we would be more energetic each time. As we looked at our final data, we noticed the difference between our weights as we analyzed the way we began to lose weight. We noticed how the starting weeks of exercise were the most effective for us to lose weight while the mid and ending weeks of the experiment were not as effective. This analysis made us realize how starting to feel less tired, sweat less, and feel more energetic correlates to the fact that the beginning weeks of the experiment were the most effective. Together we began to lose weight the fastest and easiest around the first two-three weeks of exercise than the following weeks. We also realized how although we both weighted the exact amount of pounds, performed the same exercises, consumed the same food, and the same amounts of food, I began to lose weight faster and much more significantly than my partner Sebastian. Acknowledging the fact that I was consuming a full tea cup of black tea fifteen minutes before exercise and Sebastian was not, we came to the conc lusion that consuming black tea before exercise does help reduce weight faster than not taking any related products. Conclusion Throughout our experiment, Sebastian and I attempted to complete it as perfect as possible by creating the habit of keeping our actions constant. As we began exercising, we noticed the change of us getting tired, the amount of sweat produced, and the amount of weight loss as we progressed. Although we failed to reach our goal ,which was to lose ten pounds throughout the experiment, I was able to lose eight pounds and Sebastian was able to lose 7.35 pounds. Taking a look at our data and analyzing it, we came to the conclusion that Black Tea does help reduce weight than not taking any related product for weight loss. Throughout the experiment, Sebastian and I consumed the same amount of food per day, kept the same exercise routines, and exercised the same amount of times per day. One important thing we tried to keep constant and firm, was to keep our calorie per day goal of 1,200. We tried to consume 1,200 calories per day since we used the app named â€Å"My Fitness Pal† in order to achieve our goal. In order to keep that constant calorie consumption, we ate similar foods such as chicken, fish, lots of vegetables, fruits as snacks, and also drank lots of water. I kept consuming a full tea cup of black tea fifteen minutes before exercise, and we kept recording our weights before exercising. As mentioned before, we began to notice the change in several things such as the time we would get tired, the difficulty in our exercises, the sweat produced, and the energy we felt as we conducted the experiment. After taking a look at our data, we realized how after several days of exercise our bodies became used to the routine day after day. For that given reason, it was not surprising to see the change in our bodies by the way it reacted after two to three weeks. Regarding the change in difficulty after several days of exercise, we also realized why we felt fast change of our body’s reaction to exercise. Because Sebastian and I would play soccer back then and would always try to stay fit, it was not a difficult challenge for our bodies to adjust and get used to the exercise we conducted. After taking a look at our recorded data, we noticed the difference in each other’s weight loss as we exercised every day. Because I was taking Black Tea and Sebastian was not, we came to the conclusion that Black Tea helped me lose weight at a faster rate than Sebastian. Acknowledging the fact that we kept the amount of calories, food consumed, and the exercises as a constant for each other, it was quite understandable why I was losing weight at a faster rate than Sebastian. In total, Sebastian lost 6.35 pounds and I lost 8 pounds throughout the experiment. That data gives us enough evidence to prove that Black Tea does help reduce weight during exercise than not taking any weight loss product. Although Sebastian and I attempted to keep certain variables as constant as possible, there could have been certain limitations present during the experiment. Because we were not under high supervision, there could have been a given moment where either of us could have forgotten to record a certain food that we consumed. Keeping track of everything we consumed throughout the day was quite a challenge, maybe there could have been an easier way to keep track of what we ate at any moment. Also, another limitation that could have affected our experiment was the change of times we were able to exercise every day. As planned, sometimes we were able to exercise at 6:00 p.m. but there were times where we had to exercise around 7:00 p.m and 9:00 p.m due to the fact that there were moments in where we were both busy. Although there could have been certain limitations, it did not stop us from proving our hypothesis correct. We were able to find out that Black Tea does help reduce weight at a fa ster rate then not consuming any similar products.

Learn How to Conjugate Tourner (to Turn) in French

If you guessed that the French verb  tourner  means to turn, you would be correct. The similarities between the English and French make it easy to remember. French students will be happy to know that this is a regular verb, so conjugating it isnt too difficult, either. The Basic Conjugations of  Tourner Among all the French verb conjugations you can study, tourner falls into the largest category. As a regular -er verb, the conjugation pattern you see here is the same for the majority of French verbs, including retourner (to return), tomber (to fall), and countless others. Consider studying a few at a time to make each just a little easier to remember. To begin, the indicative mood includes the basic forms of  tourner. Here you will find the present, future, and imperfect past tenses, which you will use frequently in French conversations. Start by recognizing the verb stem (or radical) as  tourn-. From there, use the chart to learn which ending is applied that corresponds to both the subject pronoun and the tense of your sentence. You will get results such as  je tourne  (I am turning) and  nous tournerons  (we will turn). Present Future Imperfect je tourne tournerai tournais tu tournes tourneras tournais il tourne tournera tournait nous tournons tournerons tournions vous tournez tournerez tourniez ils tournent tourneront tournaient The Present Participle of  Tourner As with all regular -er  verbs, the  present participle  is formed by adding  -ant  to the radical. This produces the word  tournant. Tourner  in the Compound Past Tense You will use the  past participle  tournà © and an auxiliary verb when forming the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  of  tourner. This is the compound past tense used often in French.   To form it, conjugate  avoir  to the present tense, then add  tournà ©. This results in things like  jai tournà ©Ã‚  (I turned) and  nous avons tournà ©Ã‚  (we turned). More Simple Conjugations of  Tourner Your use of  tourner  in French conversations will have a good foundation if you concentrate on the forms above. It will be even better if you know  the subjunctive  and  the conditional  forms. Each has their use in further defining your meaning: the subjunctive questions the act of turning and the conditional says its dependent on conditions. In written French, it is very likely that you will find  the passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive. While they may not be used frequently, they are still good to know. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je tourne tournerais tournai tournasse tu tournes tournerais tournas tournasses il tourne tournerait tourna tournt nous tournions tournerions tournmes tournassions vous tourniez tourneriez tourntes tournassiez ils tournent tourneraient tournrent tournassent When you want to tell someone to Turn! or use  tourner  in similarly direct sentences,  the  imperative  is used. This is where you can skip the subject pronoun and simplify it to Tourne ! Imperative (tu)              tourne (nous)     Ã‚  tournons​​ (vous)        tournez

Yttrium Facts - Chemical Physical Properties

Yttrium oxides are a component of the phosphors used to produce the red color in television picture tubes. The oxides have potential use in ceramics and glass. Yttrium oxides have high melting points and impart shock resistance and low expansion to glass. Yttrium iron garnets are used to filter microwaves and as transmitters and transducers of acoustic energy. Yttrium aluminum garnets, with a hardness of 8.5, are used to simulate diamond gemstones. Small quantities of yttrium may be added to reduce the grain size in chromium, molybdenum, zirconium, and titanium, and to increase the strength of aluminum and magnesium alloys. Yttrium is used as a deoxidizer for vanadium and other nonferrous metals. It is used as a catalyst in the polymerization of ethylene. Basic Facts About Yttrium Atomic Number: 39 Symbol: Y Atomic Weight: 88.90585 Discovery: Johann Gadolin 1794 (Finland) Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s1 4d1 Word Origin: Named for Ytterby, a village in Sweden near Vauxholm. Ytterby is the site of a quarry which yielded many minerals containing rare earths and other elements (erbium, terbium, and ytterbium). Isotopes: Natural yttrium is composed of yttrium-89 only. 19 unstable isotopes are also known. Properties: Yttrium has a metallic silver luster. It is relatively stable in the air except when finely divided. Yttrium turnings will ignite in air if their temperature exceeds 400Â °C. Yttrium Physical Data Element Classification: Transition Metal Density (g/cc): 4.47 Melting Point (K): 1795 Boiling Point (K): 3611 Appearance: silvery, ductile, moderately reactive metal Atomic Radius (pm): 178 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 19.8 Covalent Radius (pm): 162 Ionic Radius: 89.3 (3e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.284 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 11.5 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 367 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.22 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 615.4 Oxidation States: 3 Lattice Structure: hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.650 Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.571 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.)

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Essay on Chinas One Child Policy - 794 Words

The one child policy was adopted to help improve economic, environment, and population problems in China. The policy was used to limits the number of children that couples can have. When , the law was introduced it was only supposed to help with the overpopulation but , it has caused many children to be left and abandoned. Although China has a population problem, the one child policy was not the right way to handle the situation. There has been a long history of China’s one child policy, since it was first introduces in 1979 by a Chinese Leader Deng Xiaoping (Rosenberg n.p). The law was meant to be temporary and used to control the population; however it is still in use today (Rosenberg n.p). When the policy was first enforced, it only†¦show more content†¦Some argue that the policy is beneficial to sustain the economy, society, population, resources and the environment. About four hundred million births have been prevented with the policy helping with the population problem (Wan n.p). Pollution and a lack of resources are some of the reason that people think the one child policy is necessary. Another reason that people think the policy is necessary is if the population continues to grow it would be harder for people to find food, causing people to starve. People see the policy as a good thing because it is helping the government by not using as many resources. The punishments for Chinaâ⠂¬â„¢s one child policy are extremely harsh and inhumane. For instance relatives were put in jail because they were related to a family who broke the law by having two boys (Hanworth n.p). Other cases include: a baby being run over by a car by Chinese officials, a mother being forced to abort seven months in her pregnancy, and a doctor killed a baby right after he/she was born (Maessan n.p.) It’s hard to believe people would find it ok to murder children for population problems. One Reason the policy should be ended is that is a violation of rights. Why should the government be allowed to control the number of kids born in a family? It is also not right for the government to punish people for having an addition child. Fines, abortions, sterilization, and infanticide are being usedShow MoreRelatedChina‘S One Child Policy648 Words   |  3 PagesSophy Huang DSOC Essay 5 Revision 9 April 2012 It’s time to change a manufacturing model In the last two decades, China’s economy has grown rapidly, becoming the world’s second largest economy after the U.S. China has gained this achievement by becoming the factory of the world and exporting cheap products to oversea markets. However, recently China has been losing its advantages in the export sector, which its economy is heavily reliant on. New data shows a visible slowdown in manufacturingRead MoreChina’s One Child Policy1305 Words   |  5 PagesChina’s One Child Policy There are more than 1.3 billion people living and building families in China. Until a century ago, many Chinese families included multiple generations living in the same household. Today, though, its no longer the norm. A typical Chinese family today includes a married man and woman with one child, and this is generally known as the core family. The percentage of core families continues to rise above other types of family units. This not due to a social coincidenceRead MoreChinas One Child Policy954 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation containment by way of a ‘ One-Child Police’, to alleviate its social and economic problems (Jiang, 2010). The population had been well-controlled during the past 30 years and according to the National Bureau of Statistics, the policy has helped prevent 400 million births and contributed greatly to economic growth (Government net, 2011). However, the one- child policy is like a double edged sword. Although there are positive outcomes, Fro m the policy, there are also many negative issuesRead MoreChinas One Child Policy971 Words   |  4 PagesChinas one child policy China has had a one child policy since 1980. The one child policy limits the fertility rate that each woman can have only one child in efforts to cut down the population, and undo what Mao Zedong did to early China. Mao’s goal was to make China the next superpower nation by encouraging people to have many children. Unfortunately, Mao did not know that he was moving China backwards with this kind of thinking. In 1949 after a long civil war over who controlled China, MaoRead MoreChinas One-Child Policy3129 Words   |  13 PagesChina who has one of the largest population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, has taken a stance against over population. By introducing China’s One-Child Policy (Family Planning Policy) in 1979, China hopes to decrease its country’s annual population growth. China has implemented the policy by many different ways; propaganda, taxation, and multiple forms of birth control. Though China’s intentions are to give its citizens better living conditions by enforcing its policy, many controversialRead MoreChinas One Child Policy4037 Words   |  17 PagesChina’s One Child Policy; Impacts on the Society, the Economy, and the People. By David Goheen Due: December 14, 2007 Executive Summary During the years before the implementation of the One Child Policy, the leaders of China were involved in wars, a great leap forward, and an industrial revolution. In the last twenty five years China’s One Child Policy has affected the country in every way one can imagine. This paper will attempt to explore the major ways the policy has affected theRead MoreChinas One Child Policy Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesGovernment Action on Population Control and Chinas One Child Policy One of the more extreme measures taken in an attempt to control population has been Chinas one-child policy. Population advocate Garet Hardin suggests the rest of the world adopt similar policies. This paper is to show a countrys government acting on theories that Hardin is popular for and the ethical and environmental effects that it had on people and the land. Hardin fails to see the ethical problems laid out by governmentsRead MoreEssay On Chinas One Child Policy766 Words   |  4 PagesA Policy for the Better China, in the late 1970s, had an unbelievable population; close to one billion. With such an alarming number of people and limited resources, even in such a large nation, there had to be an even larger change. China’s one-child policy was a remedy to this problem, and helped Chinese citizens in many ways. Without the policy, China would have many economic problems and serves all of China with its rules. China’s one-child policy was an excellent idea for China and its peopleRead MoreEssay On Chinas One Child Policy1195 Words   |  5 PagesChina’s one-child policy made it illegal for most Chinese couples to have more than one child. It was the culmination of the government’s long struggle to control population growth. The policy was enforced mainly through financial incentives and punishments, but in rural areas brutal enforcement techniques like non-consensual sterilization and abortion were sometimes used. While the policy did reduce the population, it also caused problems such as an unbalanced male-female sex ratio and â€Å"4:2:1 familiesRead MoreChinas One Child Policy Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagescontribute significantly to the nations poverty levels and restrain its potential for economic growth. (Gu 42) Chinas one-child family policy was first announced in 1979. In a 1979 speech, Deng Xiaoping drew the first outlines of a policy to limit population growth, Use whatever means you must to control Chinas population. Just do it. (Mosher 50) Basically the aim of Chinas one-child family policy was to help slow population growth to 1.2 billion by the year 2000. It was hoped that third and higher

CANDLE MAKING IP Free Essays

Mr.. Meekly Sibyl for lending the book related on the study and for teaching us how to make our product. We will write a custom essay sample on CANDLE MAKING IP or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mr.. And Mrs.. Romeo F. Aquinas and Mr.. And Mrs.. Ariel Peter M. Seeding for their support to the researchers not only financially but also morally. Their batches from Ill-Titanium. Especially, Sherry Barras, Anomie Lazars, and Jenny Pictorial. ABSTRACT A candle is a solid block of wax with an embedded wick which is ignited to provide light, and sometimes heat, and historically was used as a method of keeping time. A candle manufacturer is traditionally known as a chandler. Various devices have been invented to hold candles, from simple tabletop candle holders, to elaborate chandeliers. For a candle to burn, a heat source is used to light the candles wick, which melts and vaporizes a small amount of fuel, the wax. Once vaporized, the fuel combines with oxygen in the atmosphere to form a flame. This flame provides sufficient heat to keep the candle burning via a self-sustaining chain of events: the heat of the flame melts the top of the mass of solid fuel; the liquefied fuel then moves upward through the wick via capillary action; the liquefied fuel finally vaporizes to urn within the candle’s flame. Chapter I I. Introduction Candles were once used as a source of light and were simple and plain, without color or fragrance. They came in standard sizes and shapes. Now candle making is an art form and candles have become decorative works of art that come in an infinite variety of shapes, sizes, colors and fragrances. They are generally used to create a peaceful, romantic ambiance and are treasured for their relaxing effect. Candles have recently become a big part of home decor and this has encouraged the development of new techniques and materials. The materials you use will determine the quality of your candles but each candle will require a different combination of materials and techniques. Good note taking will allow you to determine what works and what doesn’t and when you perfect your candle, you will be able to reproduce it. Whatever doesn’t work, can be melted down again and re used. Candle scraps and pieces of shaved wax can all be kept and recycled so nothing goes to waste. Candles were meant to be burned so no matter how beautiful your candle comes out, remember it isn’t done until it burns well so keep working t it until you get a good smokeless, even burning candle. Ill. Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the compare commercial candles to a homemade candle. The objectives of this study are the following: ; To know how long is the duration of the candle ; To know if the candle is smokeless IV. Significance of the Study Candles represent a classic example of the process of combustion. When enough heat is applied, the wax of a candle starts to oxidize. The paraffin reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, and also heat and light. The flame is the visible part Of this exothermic reaction – where the reaction is energetic enough to produce visible light. Here are some more facts about candles. V. Scope and Limitation of the Study Our study is about candles using the materials we will use. To know how to make candles and the duration of the candles. To know more about candles and to enhance our knowledge about candles. VI. Definition of Terms Fragrance- a pleasant, sweet smell. Duration- time during which something continues. Exothermic reaction- chemical reaction accompanied by the evolution of heat. Oxidize- combine or become combined chemically with oxygen. Combustion- the process of burning something. Ambiance- atmosphere of a place. Http://www. Overexploitation. Com/library/complaining. Asp CHAPTER II Review Of Related Literature I. Local Literature In the Philippines candles have come a long way since their initial use. Although no longer man’s major source of light, they continue to grow in popularity and use. Today, candles symbolize celebration, mark romance, soothe the senses, define ceremony, and accent home decors casting a warm and lovely glow for all to enjoy. II. Foreign Literature Candles were also commonplace throughout Europe. In England and France, Candle making had become a guild craft by the 1 13th century. These candle makers made candles from fats saved from the kitchen or sold their own candles from within their shops. During the middle Ages in Europe, The popularity of candles is shown by their use in Candles and in Saint Lucy festivities. Tallow, fat from cows or sheep, became the standard material used in candles in Europe. The Tallow Chandlers Company of London was formed in about 1300 in London, and in 1456 was granted a coat of arms. Dating from about 1330, the Wax Chandlers Company acquired its charter in 1484. By 141 5, Tallow candles Were used in Street lighting. The trade of the chandler is also recorded by the more picturesque name of â€Å"congresswomen†, since they oversaw the manufacture of sauces, vinegar, soap and cheese. The unpleasant smell of tallow candles is due to the glycerin they contain. For churches and royal events, Candles from beeswax were used, as the smell was usually less unpleasant. The smell of the manufacturing process was so unpleasant that it was banned by ordinance in several cities. The first candle mould comes from 15th century Paris. The first American colonists discovered that bayberries could be used to make candles, but the yield was very poor. Fifteen pounds of boiled bayberries would provide only one pound of wax. Http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/History_of_candle_making http://www. Candles. Org/about_history. HTML CHAPTER Ill l. Methods and Procedures Materials Paraffin Wax Palette Knife Wick Scent Spoon Double Boiler Crayons Water Scissors Methods Twisted Candles 1. Roll out the upper part of the candle until it is about mm (1/4 in) thick. Leave the bottom 2. CM (in) unrolled so that it can fit into a candle holder. If the candle cracks whilst rolling, then it has become too hard. Soften it by dipping it for three seconds at 71 co (1 60 OF) and then waiting for thirty seconds. 2. Hold the candle upside-down, with the unrolled base in one hand and the flattened part nearest the base between the thumb and forefinger of your other hand. 3. Pull the candle slowly upwards, sliding it between your thumb and forefinger and turning it steadily. 4. Repeat the process to give a more exaggerated twist. 5. Trim the base flat and allow the candle to cool for one hour. Floating Rose Candles 1. Melt the wax, heat it to 71 co (OFF), and prime the wicks. 2. Switch off the heat, and add twelve drops of perfume to the wax. 3. Carefully pour out the wax on to the paper so that it forms layers about mm (h in) thick, and allow it to cool until it is rubbery. 4. Cut petal shapes with the pastry cutter or palette knife. You will need petals of different sizes. Curve them with your fingers. 5. Squeeze two small petals around a wick and build up a rose flower. Wax that has cooled too much and become brittle can be softened with a hair dryer. 6. How to cite CANDLE MAKING IP, Papers

The War Of 1812 And Its Effect Essay Example For Students

The War Of 1812 And Its Effect Essay By any criteria the years following the War of 1812, otherwise known as the Era of Good Feelings, must be considered a time of exceptional growth and development in the United States, but above all, it may be considered a time of evolution and ripening of American nationalism, unification, and economic prowess. The war of 1812 was a very problematic war. States did not fulfill their duties, while commanders and leaders were not informed or supplied enough to keep up the war. But what awakened during this time and afterwards is something much greater then victory. The war wasnt just about Britain holding land and impressing American sailors into their navy; it was a second war of independence. It was the first war as a united country, and it was a small new nation against a large European empire. That we survived woke us up, and let us know that we did have a nation. For the first time, we were united, not for a fight of our homes and freedoms, but for ideals (The Awakening of America n Nationalism, AAN). The war of 1812 began long before war was declared. It began right after the war of Independence. The British were not too fond of us breaking away from their empire, and they soon figured out that many revolts were because we had fought and won. They taxed our merchants, and hassled our ships, but they crossed the line when they began to impress our sailors into their navy. They claimed that these people had deserted the royal navy and should be given back. Though they may have been right on a few occasions, it has been proven that many innocent people were forced to be in the royal navy. On June 22, 1807, the English frigate Leopard attacked the United States frigate Chesapeake, and took from her certain of her sailors who, the Leopards captain claimed, were British citizens. (John K. Mahon, The War of 1812) This is what broke the straw on the proverbial camels back. Many citizens wanted war, but Jefferson, seeing the problems in war with Britain, calmed the public. Congress began to prepare for war, by authorizing the construction of 20 ships of war. France and Britain, Europes two most powerful nations, had battled almost continuously since 1793, and their warfare directly affected American trade. Hostilities began during the French Revolution (1789-1799) when England joined other European nations in an unsuccessful attempt to restore the French monarchy, and then continued as Britain led the efforts to stop French expansion under Napoleon I. American presidents from Washington to Madison tried to keep the United States impartial during these conflicts, but both France and Britain flagrantly disregarded the rights of neutral countries (War of 1812). For the Americans, the greatest irritant was Britains practice of impressment, or the seizure of American seamen for service in the British navy. The British government claimed that it only seized subjects of the Crown who sailed under the American flag to avoid wartime service in their own navy. In fact, the British seized not only their own deserters, but also impressed a sizeable number of United States citizensestimates suggest 6000 or more (Encyclopedia Encarta). Public outrage over the issue of impressments grew increasingly vocal after an incident between the American naval frigate Chesapeake and a British vessel, the Leopard. In June 1807 the Leopard approached the Chesapeake only a few miles off the American coast and demanded to search the ship for British deserters. The Chesapeakes commander, James Barron, refused, and the Leopard opened fire. A number of American sailors were killed or wounded during the attack, and the Chesapeake surrendered. The British then sent a party aboard and dragged four crewmen from the vessel. After the incident, Jefferson ordered British warships to leave American waters and demanded an end to the practice of impressments. The British did make some apologies and restitution for the Chesapeake-Leopard incident, but continued to claim the right to seize American ships and inspect them for deserters. (War of 1812)Despite initial problems, the U.S. Navy soon won some victories at sea, offsetting the embarrassin g defeats on land. (Encyclopedia Encarta) A relatively strong American squadron under Commodore John Rodgers made a wide sweep through the Atlantic shortly after the declaration of war. It encountered only one enemy ship, which managed to escape, but later in the year three forays by individual U.S. warships proved far more successful. Almost overnight the War of 1812 became a glorious triumph. On February 20 President Madison sent a message to Congress transmitting the treaty of peace. He congratulated the nation on the close of a war waged with the success which is the natural result of the wisdom of the legislative councils, of the patriotism of the people, of the public spirit of the militia, and of the valor of the military and naval forces of the country.More realistically, the fledgling nation had the extraordinary good fortune to escape the consequences of a war that it had badly mismanaged from the outset. The Battle of New Orleans, fought after the two sides had already si gned the peace treaty, ironically became the wars most famous event. The navy enjoyed well-deserved popularity for many years after the conflict, but the decisive results of the Battle of Lake Champlain did not receive full recognition for another generation. Jewish Perceptions of Jesus Christ EssayWith the richness that followed the War of 1812 also came pride. Proud of being an American, and having freedoms and money that no other country had. True, we were not the most powerful nation in the military sense, but by the end of the War of 1812, we had one of the worlds most powerful merchant fleets. We were exporting goods almost as fast as we could produce them. This swelled national pride as well, showing the other nations that we had the will, energy, and money to make America the richest nation on earth. With all these gains, and not many losses, it could be said that America was becoming an empire. But what kind of empire? Was it an empire on a world scale? Not at all, we had very little holdings overseas, and we did not want to conquer any established nation. We were an empire for democracy and an empire of wealth. The world has seen empires come and go, fail and succeed. But no one has ever had the merchants make the empire. No one had seen a democracy build such a vast empire of traders and merchants since the time of Rome. Truly, this was an accomplishment to be proud of. (This Sacred Trust: American Nationality.)It is undeniable that the war of 1812 had many impacts upon our nation. The nation grew and changed in a way that most Americans back then did not even think of. Weather they liked it or not, they all were united in one way or another. The United States had evolved into something great; something special that could no longer be denied its goals. Its children had become proud of this infant nation, and that was the most important step in keeping together. If no one believed in a nation, how could it survive? Many questioned weather or not this pride would last, but undoubtedly it did. It evolved into a nation-wide sense of pride. It grew and with it the nation grew and prospered under great leadership and the democratic way. The great democratic experiment had worked, the nation was at peace and was growing, and the tide for the next century had already been set in motion. John K. Mahon. The War of 1812; Da Capo Press, New York. Copywrite 1972. George Dangerfield. The Awakening of American Nationalism;Harper and Row, New York, Copywrite 1965Nagel, Paul C. This Sacred Trust: American Nationality, 1798-1898. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971. Waldstreicher, David. In the Midst of Perpetual Fetes: The Making of American Nationalism, 1776-1820. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997. Commager, Henry Steele. Jefferson, Nationalism, and the Enlightenment. New York: G. Braziller, 1975Encyclopedia Encarta 2000, PC.

Missing Ingredients In American Sentencing -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Missing Ingredients In American Sentencing? Answer: Introducation A new study provided an insight into the healthcare topical question of how quality of life is enhanced among elderly patients that highlights the importance of respect for autonomy and maintenance of dignity. This study was conducted where the results showed that aged care facilities strive for continuity of care and there is lack of choice and control of aged people affecting their quality of life (australianageingagenda.com.au, 2018). This evidence suggests that autonomy is not being addressed and no amelioration of their emotions and grief supporting the fact that there is lack of dignity among elderly patients that is considered core value in healthcare. This stark finding suggests that autonomy and dignity of older people is being undermined in various healthcare settings affecting care towards them. In the current healthcare scenario, nurses are unable to preserve dignity and autonomy of patients and minimize distress among elderly patients. Although, dignity is woven into the care of healthcare providers that takes their wishes into consideration meeting their needs, there is evidence that elderly patients are not being valued and there is diminishing of their participation in decision-making process (Kurokawa, Yabuwaki Kobayashi, 2013). Whatever may be the basis for grounding dignity, it is important for every human being to respect others dignity. Dignity is violated when there is gross violation of individual rights. In the institutional healthcare, preservation of elderly dignity is respect for autonomy involving them decision-making process and advocate to ensure that there is no violation of dignity. This violation of common good can be justified in terms of common good (Tonry, 2016). The shared responsibility of maintaining dignity among elderly patients is not being realized by the healthcare providers. This depicts that there is no realization of common good in the society and it is not being addressed in the context of healthcare. Among the Catholic Social Teaching (CST) principles, the issue of dignity is being addressed by common good principle in the contemporary society. Common good acts as a foundational principle that is greatly intertwined with dignity of humans leading to solidarity. The issue of maintaining elderly dignity can be elaborated through common good that for building dignity, there is need for social relationships and conditions that allow individuals reaching fulfilment and empowerment. The healthcare professionals need to work towards promoting common good as their core value promoting patient dignity by delivering high quality of care (Sabatino et al., 2016). Various proposed ways are pivotal for nurses in promoting common good for welfare of elderly patents recognizing human beings as social being. Firstly, older people lack potential to perform activities of daily living and as a result, it hampers their independence and dignity. In these situations, nurses need to empower older people so that they realize their inner potential promoting true resilience. Nurses encourage elders and guide them so that they take an active participation in their health and wellbeing promoting dignity and independence. Nurses need to care for the whole person that is one aspect of promoting care as factors like gender, age, culture; language and cognition should be taken into consideration (Carr, 2016). Respect for elderly people is also required where nurses should provide avenues of empowering older people controlling their life. Nurses should encourage independence where nurses should encourage elderly patients in performing activities of daily living. This is encouraging independence which is another way of promoting dignity among elders. Dignity care is another element that promoted dignity among elders comprising of value-giving care, doing, and negotiation and building relationships. The type of care also influence dignity and treatment as nurses should maintain privacy of patients while giving personal care. Value-giving care is beyond the act of doing something for the patients rather treating them with compassion and care (Nicholas, 2015). Empathetic communication and building of relationships also enables nurses to provide dignity by enhancing understanding and knowledge of nuances while providing care. Nurses can negotiate on aspects of care while providing dignity care to elderly patients. In this proposed ways, nurses can promote dignity among elders realizing the principle of common good in their provision of care. Common good and human dignity can be explained in terms of elderly dignity through the ten principles of CST. The principle of respect for human dignity explains that every person is worthy of dignity and respect and should not be disrespected. Elders should be treated with greater dignity and respect by healthcare providers and can never forfeit their rights. The principle of respect for human life also defines dignity in a way where every person has inherent dignity whether young or old and should be treated with respect seeing sacredness of human life as moral vision for promotion of common good in society (Waters et al., 2017). The principle of association explains that human being is social and not personal and so elders should be included in the diverse community and not isolated promoting dignity. Principle of participation explains that every human being has the right to participate or duty to shape human society seeking common good and promoting well-being. Vulnerable people like elderly people should be encouraged to take an active part in their clinical decision process as shapers or not just passive recipients. Principle of Preferential Option for the Poor and Vulnerable explains that elder people are vulnerable and should give priority to their choices, needs, and rights and maximize their potentials to make them empowered (Carr, 2016). Principle of Solidarity explains that it is important to preserve and firm determination committing oneself to common good where nurses should be good with the caring for every older patient responsible for caring. The Principle of Stewardship explains that nurses have the responsibility to care for the elder patients better safeguarding them and respecting them to live a sustainable life. The Principle of Subsidiarity explains that nurses should provide right amount of support, aid or help that help them to accomplish needs of elder care or meet their obligations. The Principle of Human Equality demonstrates that every individual is entitled to dignity and respect as human beings in the society (Wright, 2017). This is radical equality that is created every human being (even elders) need to be treated with dignity and lies close to God. Lastly, the principle of common good explains that a healthy community is developed when every individual flourish. In this context, elder people sho uld be treated with dignity where nurses should take into account their legitimate aspirations and needs promoting greatest good for all patients. This concept is greatest of all where every older patient should be worthy of respect performed by nurses (Tablan, 2015). Therefore, these CST teachings can be used to promote human dignity and common good in the community. Elderly people are subjected to social exclusion and being isolated by others. In this context, Community participation and advocacy in CST can contribute to that fact that elderly patients should not be isolated and make them engaged as full members in the community. They have an obligation to support and help the elderly patient population in getting socially included in the society (Himes, 2017). Community is the place where human beings live and therefore, elders should be empowered to participate being socially included that promote dignity and autonomy. This helps to show dignity as they feel concerned and being socially associated in community. Therefore, it can be concluded that CST principles provide framework for viewing society ensuring common good and good of humans of humanity coalesce. References australianageingagenda.com.au, (2018).What's it like living in aged care? Researchers shed new light on quality of life - Australian Ageing Agenda. Retrieved 20 January 2018, from https://www.australianageingagenda.com.au/2016/10/28/researchers-shed-new-light-on-quality-of-life-in-residential-aged-care/ Carr, J. (2016). Preaching and Catholic Social Teaching.A Handbook for Catholic Preaching, 275. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=zMZnDQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PA275dq=Catholic+Social+Teaching+(CST)+principles+and+human+dignity+ots=sDVb4iVVQLsig=7dkDU0lb__V8ERM6i3ZxiSp2Cqc#v=onepageqf=false Himes, K. (2017). Catholic Social Teaching on Building a Just Society: The Need for a Ceiling and a Floor.Religions,8(4), 49. Doi: 10.3390/rel8040049 Kurokawa, H., Yabuwaki, K., Kobayashi, R. (2013). Factor structure of personhood for elderly healthcare services: a questionnaire survey of long-term care facilities in Japan.Disability and rehabilitation,35(7), 551-556. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2012.705219 Nicholas, J. L. (2015). The Common Good, Rights, and Catholic Social Thought: Prolegomena to Any Future Account of Common Goods.Solidarity: The Journal of Catholic Social Thought and Secular Ethics,5(1), 4. Retrieved from: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/solidarity/vol5/iss1/4/?utm_source=researchonline.nd.edu.au%2Fsolidarity%2Fvol5%2Fiss1%2F4utm_medium=PDFutm_campaign=PDFCoverPages Sabatino, L., Kangasniemi, M. K., Rocco, G., Alvaro, R., Stievano, A. (2016). Nurses perceptions of professional dignity in hospital settings.Nursing ethics,23(3), 277-293. Doi: 10.1177/0969733014564103 Tablan, F. (2015). Catholic social teachings: Toward a meaningful work.Journal of Business Ethics,128(2), 291-303.Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-014-2104-0 Tonry, M. (2016). Equality and Human Dignity: The Missing Ingredients in American Sentencing.Crime and Justice,45(1), 459-496. Retrieved from: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/686256 Waters, N. P., Schmale, T., Goetz, A., Eberl, J. T., Wells, J. H. (2017). A call to promote healthcare justice: A summary of integrated outpatient clinics exemplifying principles of Catholic social teaching.The Linacre Quarterly,84(1), 57-73.Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1080/00243639.2016.1272330 Wright, K. S. (2017). The principles of Catholic social teaching: A guide for decision making from daily clinical encounters to national policy-making.The Linacre Quarterly,84(1), 10-22.Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1080/00243639.2016.1274629

Joe Turners Come and Gone Bynum Walker

Joe Turner’s Come and Gone is an America play by August Wilson that chronicles the confrontations and fights of African Americans in the twentieth century. While dealing with the themes of racial discrimination, identity, and migration, the play also focuses on separate characters who are concerned with their searching for self-recognition and connection.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Joe Turner’s Come and Gone: Bynum Walker specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The themes of slavery and inequality, as well as protection of human rights, are brightly illustrated through Bynum Walker, one of the main heroes, a freed slave originating from the South and living at the Holly’s house. Because Walker is a â€Å"conjure†, he is engaged with voodoo activities, which also indicates his affiliation to the African identity. In fact, Bynum Walker is a multi-faceted character that is considered as a m ysterious personality who is endowed with unusual qualities. The idea of identity and connection is explicitly represented through Walker’s portrayal in the play. He is among few protagonists who feel comfortable with his origins and who understand the importance of sustaining his identity. Therefore, the hero personifies the individuals’ constant searching for identity, as well as his aspiration to maintain traditions and customs from the past. The actual representation of identity issues is also shown through depiction of some mysterious events, such as Bynum’s stories about inner song and shining man. By implementing this style of narration, Bynum prefers using the wisdom of previous generations in treating the surrounding world. His strong commitment to spiritual and historical heritage points to his full reliance on his ethnicity and identity. The heron evident connection with the African heritage also reveals the theme of racial discrimination and identity . Bynum is described as a wise person in his sixties who has lived enough to realize his goals in life. Although the former slave had been separated from his origins, he still remembers of previous times, his roots and whom he was. Understanding the flashbacks from the past allows Bynum to live the present life and shape certain values and opinions about people surrounding him. Therefore, he criticizes most of the African Americans, who ignore their heritage and who prefer living in accordance with the principles accepted in white society.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the play, Bynum often refers to music that plays an important force facilitating the hero’s affiliation to the identity. Therefore, the hero often sings songs that characterize his attitude to the history of African slaves. In addition, Bynum’s singing through the play provides a clear pictu re of his spiritual and cultural relationship with his African heritage. His signing, therefore, is attributed to his rich experience and wisdom; he seems to know African songs for all characters and occasions. By performing his songs, the hero emphasizes his strong commitment to the traditions and cultures he preserves. In conclusion, Bynum walker is a form African slave who has been liberated. Despite his human rights are protected now, the hero still relies on his cultural and historic roots to sustain his identity. In addition, the hero pays much attention to the African songs that also constitute an inherent component of cultural heritage. In such a manner, Bynum calls for retaining the wisdom and traditions of previous generation because they belong to one identity. Therefore, song symbolizes the sense of identity and connection of the protagonists of the play and defines their affiliation to the history ancestry. This essay on Joe Turner’s Come and Gone: Bynum Walker was written and submitted by user Joslyn Carver to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

placido domingo essays

placido domingo essays Born on January 21, 1941, Placido Domingo would grow up to have one of the greatest Tenor voices of his generattion and even be considered the King of Tenor. Born in Madrid to parents who sang Zazurela, it was from them that he got his exposure to music and theater. In his early childhood, Domingos parents left for Mexico to start their own Zazurela troupe leaving Placido and his younger sibling behind. They would reunite when Placido was the age of eight. After moving to Mexico, Placido attended Acadmeies for his education and was even sent to The Mexican National Conservatory in Mexico City for the talents he showed in singing. During his time here he discovered how good his voice was. It was this voice that would help him support the family he would have by the time he was seventeen. While his parents were away Placido got married at the age of 17 and had his first child, Jose, a year later. This new family forced Placido to drop out of school and sing in order to support his family. Even though a year later the young couple would be divorced. During this time Placido did extensive touring with his parents Zazurela troupe. He later went on to international Stardom and became known as one of the Three Tenors alone with Luciano Pavarotti and Jose Carreras. The Trio would later win a Grammy Award in 1991 and sell more than ten million copies of their performance together as the Three Tenors. Placido Domingo is also famous for performing in such acclaimed places as New Yorks Metropolitan theater, Londons Covent Garden and Milans La Scala. He also landed starring roles in such operas as Parsifal. Domingo has also made many recordings including wones with American singer and songwrite John Denver, Diana Ross and Dionne Warwick. In 1983, Domingo published his autobiography, My First Forty Years. In it he tells of his childhood growing up in Spain and Mexico and even details of his pers...

Attitudes of Arabic (Saudi) speakers toward learning English language Research Proposal

Attitudes of Arabic (Saudi) speakers toward learning English language - Research Proposal Example The attitude of Arabic speakers towards leaning the English language is normally influenced by positive and negative factors. The positive factors influencing the attitudes of Arabic speakers in learning the English language include; motivation, which plays a crucial in the attitudes developed by Arabic speakers in learning the English language. Motivation is essential in the development of attitudes by Arabic speakers towards the English language in that; the lack of motivation for speakers normally result to the loss of interest by Arabic speakers in learning the English language. The lack of motivation, therefore, normally affects the success of the Arabians in learning the English language (Derwing, Et al, 2004). Pedagogic factors also tend to influence the development of attitudes by Arabian speakers towards learning the English language. The learning environment normally plays a crucial role in the development of attitudes by Arabic speakers towards learning the English language. When the learning environment is favorable, it is evident that Arabic speakers are likely to develop positive attitudes towards learning the language. If the learning environment enhances a better understanding of the English language by the Arabic speaker, then it is evident that Arabic speakers will develop a positive attitude towards learning the language. However, unfavorable learning environments normally result to the development of negative attitudes by Arabic speakers towards learning the English language (Edwards & Giles, 2006). The teaching programs also play a role in the attitudes of the Arabic speakers in learning English. To enhance the development of positive attitudes by Arabic speakers towards the English language, it is essential that the learning curriculum is designed in a way that it favors the understanding of the English language by the Arabic speaker. If the curriculum does not favor the

Unbroken Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Unbroken - Essay Example The scene provides some insights into the early struggles of Louie and his Spirit of fortitude to overcome. Despite the sickness, Louie beats the odds and becomes an accomplished athlete in his school days. It was while in school that he met Glenn Cunningham who becomes his mentor. Louis puts all his efforts in the sports and soon starts breaking a record becoming the fastest high school miler in 1934.He goes on to become the youngest distance runner in the Olympic team, qualifying in the 5k trial against some of the best in the sports he set his sight in Berlin Olympics in 1936 (Oney). At the Olympics, however, he could not match the Finnish runners who seemed more experienced and technically superior to Louei finishing in seventh position. No sooner, had he set his sight on the 1940 OlympicGames than two countries, Germany, and Japan began to exert pressure on nations. The following year 1941,saw Louie join the air corps service on a crew as a bomber into the world war 11 operations. Life for him is relatively calm with no demanding duties at that time until December while at the Pacific theatre when the Pearl Harbor was bombed. Japan eventually conquers many territories leading to America’s entrance into the war. Louie together with other men was to go for bomb raids. The pilot to the crew was Phillip Allen and together with others made up crew no.8 in the 372nd bomb squadron of the 307th Bomb group, seventh Air Force. His duty included operating his position with the NordenSight; that would assume the flight of the plane, calculate the target angle, and drop a bomb at the best moment (Hillenbrand 17). The scene provides a deep insight into the real life experiences in the camp as bomber. It includes conversations between Luie and the rest of the crew as they familiarize with each other and the team leaders efforts to build an effective team. The crew’s first mission came in December 1942, which was to dismantle the Japanese base

The Islam And Christian Holy War Religion Essay

The Islam And Christian Holy War Religion Essay For centuries Christians and Muslims have fiercely engaged in wars because they believed they will be rewarded by God for waging war in his name. In recent times we have become very familiar with the Jihad; as the media has covered this topic extensively after the September 11 attack that took place in the United States. This act of terror made the Islamic community a focal point of the media, which educated the populace on the violence of Islam or as they choose to call it Holy War. The truth is that, Islam is not the only religion that has committed violence in the name of God. Christianity also has its history of violence and Holy Wars, they were called the Crusades. The reasons for the Crusades were; to free fellow Christians from incursion and discrimination, Conquering lands in the possessed by other religions and fulfilling promises to partake in a crusade. Today we refer to Holy wars as Killing in Gods name, but war and religion have gone hand in hand for centuries. People go to battle after praying and making sacrifices to God, making them believe that God is on their side because they are fighting for his cause. An example is when Joshua destroyed the Anakites in the Bible. Involving God in such violent acts is not supposed to make a war holy. In the past few centuries, since the first crusades began to recapture the holy land from the Muslims Saracens, holy wars between these two religions have evolved along different paths. In the Christians context, we see a gradual decline in violence, the opposite is witnessed in Islam, and there have been a few recent cases of killing in the name of religion in Islam, the September 11 attack is one of the most serious in recent time. Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world and today it is amongst the religions with the highest amount of believers. The Jihad played a vital role in this rapid growth of Islam. Battles that were fought and won over a large geographical area, the captives were either converted by the sword or willingly changed to the religion of the army that conquered them. Fight in the cause of Allah those who fight you but do not transgress limitsAnd slay them wherever ye catch them. And turn them out from where they have turned you out; for persecution is worse than slaughter; but fight them not at the sacred Mosque unless they (first) fight you there; but if they fight you, slay them. Such is the reward of those who reject faith. But if they cease, Allah is oft-forgiving, most Merciful. And fight them on until there is no more persecution. And the religion becomes Allahs. But if they cease, let there be no hostility except to those who practice oppression (The Quran, Surah 2:190-193). The Quran is the holy book of Islam; the above quote is from the Quran it encourages the Holy war. Partly this explains the numerous battles the Muslims were involved in few centuries ago, fortunately in modern times the Jihad is no longer carried on a large scale as compared to the past but there are still some exceptional cases. The Hadith is another important book in Islam and it is second to the Quran. The Hadith contains the sayings and activities of the Prophet Muhammad and he encourages the Jihad, saying that anyone who dies fighting for Allah will be rewarded, by going to paradise. Many of these sayings have been interpreted in different ways and people have acted according to these interpretations which have lead to brutality and wars. Although in this modern age, with the help of globalization and westernization the frequency and scale of religious wars have declined over time. However, a small percentage of Muslims, the extremists and anti -western ones still dwell on the verses in the Quran that talk about war, conflict and violence. This is what has lead to terrorism and suicide bombings in recent times. In addition, the duty of all Muslims is to do the utmost against those who do not believe in Allah, this was meant for nearest enemies of Muslims but as more Foes arose with time, the statements supporting the Jihad were updated. The Muslims are acting according to what they read in their Holy books, most do not feel remorseful for whatever damage they have caused because they believe this are divine instructions of the holy book. Today we do not hesitate to link the word Jihad which means struggle in Arabic to Terrorism, especially after the September 11 attacks. Religious wars and violence happen in some other countries like Nigeria which is one of the most religious countries in the world. In Nigeria, Muslims and Christians clash frequently, fighting and rioting over one problem or the other, but yet the opposing religion knows very little about each others believes. Religious wars in Nigeria are fueled by ignorance, tribalism, poverty, politics and struggle for power. Another cou ntry that has experienced religious war this modern time is India; with a high population of Hindu, a small number of Muslims and a few Christians. Approximately hundred Christians were killed in a recent religious battles and another ten thousand left without a roofs over their head, telling us that religious wars may have reduced but still occurs in some societies. Furthermore, there are two forms of Jihad the greater and lesser Jihad. Internal Jihad or greater Jihad means the battle of believers to live their Muslim faith as the Quran instructs. This explanation is consequently, after a battle the prophet said We are finished with the lesser jihad; now we are starting the greater jihad. He explained to his followers that fighting against an outer enemy is the lesser jihad and fighting against ones self is the greater jihad. This means that the lesser Jihad will refer to the struggle against Unbelievers. (Heck) Muslims put in great effort to live the way Allah instructed them, the personal Jihad has to do with the teachings while the Jihad against unbelievers is the Practical. However, some scholars find the Quran teachings of morality and encouragement of violence very contradictory. Many historians believe that the true meaning of Lesser Jihad does not necessary encourage fighting and brutality but states that Muslim should take a stand for their religion only when Islam is threatened. The misinterpretation of the lesser jihad, as a cause or reason to fight and engage in violence and brutality does not make it holy. If Islam is not threatened and Muslims wage war against non-believers then this cannot be referred to as Lesser Jihad. Over the years various people have interpreted the Quran, their interpretations were influenced by the struggles that they were experiencing at that time. Factors such as oppression, depression, anger, suffering, hunger for power, hatred and other factors have influenced the interpreters perception of the scriptures. For instance, the Taliban strict and extreme version of Islam has even made other Muslim countries view the Ta liban with suspicion. Osama Bin Laden, the leader of the terrorist group Al Qaeda has quoted the Quran on several occasions to justify their violent actions on the west. Political leaders use religion to convince and justify their selfish desires. Using religion makes their argument convincing because they twist and interpreted the scriptures to serve the purpose and believers easily embrace them and believe it is just. Al Qaeda has used suicide bombing as tactics for attacks and the Quran forbids this. (Burk) The Crusades By large, Christianity is a religion that preaches peace but the record of killings and destruction in the past is contradictory to its teachings. In the past, wars were fought against those who opposed Christianity; the wars were fought primarily against Muslims. This is because the rise of lslam slowed down and threatened spread of Christianity. lslam under the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate spread from what is now Saudi Arabia in the Arabian Peninsula to Spain and parts of France. This made lslam a treat to Christianity and the Catholic Church, which was very powerful during the medieval times. The Church had enough political backing to crush anything or anyone that disobeys or treating the beliefs of the Church. Scholars and historians have argued about the cause or reason for the crusades. Some say that the crusades were crucial reaction by Christians to the domination of pilgrims in Muslim-controlled Jerusalem. Others argue that it was political imperialism disguised by religiou s piousness. Furthermore, others say that it was a social liberation for societies that were overburdened by landless nobles. Whatever the reason, it does not change the fact that a lot of lives and property were lost in the process. The first Crusades were organized by Pope Urban II in 1095. His main aim was to take Jerusalem from the hands of those he believed were non believers. Pope Urban II helped lay the foundation for many years of bitter and violent fighting between Christianity and other religions. The Crusades were triggered by popes at that time like Pope Urban ll and Pope Eugene III who called for the second crusade. The Popes felt that the crusades were particularly their duty and under their motivation, even if some of the expeditions sometimes got out of control. They believed the crusades were Gods work and that they were His instruments. Urban at Clermont used the following words: I speak to those who are present, I shall proclaim it to the absent, but it is Christ who commands. Moreover, if those who set out thither lose their lives on the journey, by land or sea, or in fighting against the heathen, their sins shall be remitted in that hour; this I grant through the power of God vested in me. The Pope organized the crusades, deciding the time, participants and also presents privileges to those that partook and threatened them with exile to all that do not realize their vow. (Dana) The crusades were used as a means of reclaiming the lost lands of Christians and acquiring more power for the Church. The age of the crusades was from 1905-1291 CE. In total, there were either eight or nine Crusades, depending on your view. Most historians consider the 9th Crusade to be part of the 8th. It was not only believers of other religions that suffered persecution, some Christians also suffered. Church theologians or leaders dealt with anybody who followed another religion or come up with rational thoughts that threatened Christian beliefs an example is the case of Galileo. Galileos teachings during the 17th century threatened the geocentric view of the universe. He said that the earth revolved around the sun. The church maintained that the earth was stationary and the sun and heavenly bodies revolved around it and this was an accepted fact. Thus were Galileos claims, labeled as the ranting of a heretic and he was confronted by the church leaders and told to recant his theory or face the consequences. The crusades also helped the Church and Popes acquire much wealth, with Crusaders freely giving to the Church before embarking on their journey. Crusaders were frequently taxed and this was handled by the Church. Consequently, the Popes became much more powerful, mainly because of their control over the appointment of the officials. (Dana) Heresy easily spread because of increasing mistrust of the Church, due to many reasons. For instance, all teachings in England, France and Germany had been carried out by the clerics and the crusaders discovered that they were continuously lied to. Others learnt that they misinformation, and began to doubt. The political crusades brought discredit and dishonor upon the Church and the Popes. Many men realized that they were being us ed and the Popes were using their power for worldly ends. In the thirteenth century it became more difficult to persuade men to take the Cross and fight.(Dana) In any case, there has been more recent violence attached to Christianity. Right after the civil war in the United States, the protestant-led white supremacist Ku Klux Klan members engaged in destruction of property, cross burning, beating, arson, murder rape and whipping against Jew, Catholics and African Americans and other social ethnic minorities. These are grave crimes exhibiting extreme violence and brutality. The mission of the Ku Klux Klan is to reestablish protestant Christian view in the United States. They believed that Jesus was the first Klansman. (Robert) They exhibited pure Christian radicalism. Similarly, the Arm of God (AOD) is an underground Christian terrorist organization active in the United States. This group has been involved in anti-abortion violence such as murder, property crimes and kidnapping. All these organization believe they are fighting for the morals of their religion and in the name of God. (Windle) Social Ramification Consequently, religious violence has lead to religious and ethnic profiling in society. The recent terrorist attacks have found to be rooted to religion and ethnicity thus causing countries to use profiling as a context for law enforcement and counter terrorism. Profiling can be defined as the use of racial, religious or ethnic stereotypes, rather than individual behavior, as a basis for making law enforcement and investigative decisions about who has been or may be involved in criminal activity. The global generalizations about a particular ethnic or religious groups propensity to commit a crime has made life difficult for people with certain ethnicity or religion. Society begins to look at such people as potential threats and this has negatively affects their daily lives at school, work and social interaction. Conclusion Finally, today religion is not considered an act of violence, Christians especially Catholics are not proud of the crusades that happened in the past. This point in history, are now looked upon as a dark period In Christianity. A group of Western Christians recently formed a body, their aim is to repair the damage caused by the crusades by apologizing to the other religions that were affected during that time. (Robin) But when have Christians demonstrated this love to Muslims or Jews? We have gone to them with swords and guns. We have gone to them with racism and hatred. We have gone to them with feelings of cultural superiority and economic domination. We have gone to them with colonialism and exploitation. We have even gone to them with the Gospel cloaked in arguments of superiority. Only a few have ever gone with the message of Calvary We must do more than carry the message; we must be the message. This kind of movement helps to show that Christians are not willing to carry out the crusade; no recent case has been heard. Todays Christians want to practice their religion without harming anybody. The same can be said for most Muslims, although some Muslims extremists are obsessed with fighting the west. As the study has shown religious violence was greatly influence my politics and selfishness desires of leaders. Over the course of time leaders have used religion as a tool and have twisted the word of God to suit their agenda and accomplish their desires. Without this influence, misinterpretation and deceit violence would have not been so wide spread in religion. Most religions preach God is of peace and we humans with our selfish ways have used religion as a way to control people and their beliefs. If we do not let our human imperfection influence the word of God and we follow the teaching of our scriptures diligently the world will be more peaceful. Ironically, our imperfection s are barely curable and even the greatest men fault. This is the paradox of life. Work Cited Baird-Windle, Patricia Bader, Eleanor J., (2001), Targets of Hatred: Anti-Abortion Terrorism, New York, St. Martins Press B.A Robins Christian apology for the Crusades: The Reconciliation Walk Religious Tolerance.org. 2005-NOV-04. Web. 3 April 2011 Dana C. The Popes and the Crusades Munro Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society Vol. 55, No. 5 (1916), pp. 348-356 JSTOR. Web. 3 April 2011 Josh Burek and James Norton A world-renowned scholar explains key points of Islam. Islamawareness.org. n.d. Web. 3 April 2011 Michael, Robert, and Philip Rosen. Dictionary of anti-Semitism from the earliest times to the present. Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press, 1997 p. 267. Paul Heck. Jihad Revisited The Journal of Religious Ethics Vol. 32, No. 1 (spring, 2004), pp. 95-128. JSTOR. Web 3 April 2011